DoT

5G standalone networks change the service model. Operators can carve the network into slices with distinct latency, reliability, and throughput characteristics validated by 3GPP standards. That enables ultra-reliable low-latency communications for factory automation, connected vehicles, remote operations, and mission-critical services. It also enables differentiated quality for cloud gaming, broadcast-like video, and IoT control loops when combined with edge computing and time-sensitive networking. Jioโ€™s position is that treating all traffic identically under a single โ€œinternet accessโ€ umbrella can inhibit these new uses. A ruleset that preserves open internet principles for consumers yet explicitly allows specialized services with assured QoS for enterprises is what the company seeks.
A new neutral host 5G deployment at 10 World Trade in Bostonโ€™s Seaport sets a practical blueprint for scalable, multi-operator indoor connectivity in Class A commercial real estate. Most mobile traffic is generated indoors, yet macro networks struggle to penetrate dense, energy-efficient buildings. The 10 World Trade deploymentโ€”delivered by Boston Global Investors (BGI) with Aspen Venue Partners and Ericsson – addresses all three pressures with a small-cell-based, neutral host design that multiple operators can share while also supporting private 5G and future network slicing. The model aligns with broader industry trends: 3GPP-based indoor systems, shared infrastructure economics, and spectrum agility that includes CBRS in the U.S.
Iridium and T-Mobile are scaling satellite-delivered positioning, navigation, and timing services under a U.S. Department of Transportation initiative to bolster the resilience of 5G networks against GPS disruptions. The collaboration equips T-Mobile sites with Iridium PNT receivers to deliver precise, authenticated timing that complements existing GNSS sources. Iridium transmits timing over its low-earth-orbit constellation in the L-band, offering weather-resilient coverage and stronger signals than typical GNSS. The service is engineered for sub-100-nanosecond accuracy, uses cryptographic protections for integrity, and can operate indoors without an external antenna, addressing urban canyons, indoor small cells, and hard-to-reach sites where GNSS is unreliable.
Industry capex remained exceptionally strong in 2024, underscoring broadbandโ€™s status as critical infrastructure for the digital and AI economy. Broadband providers invested an estimated $89.6 billion in U.S. communications infrastructure last year, pushing cumulative investment since 1996 to more than $2.2 trillion and keeping the 2020โ€“2024 average above $90 billion annually. Spend concentrated on fiber deepening, rural reach, wireless capacity, and overall network scale for AI, cloud, and streaming workloads. While 2024 trailed 2023โ€™s higher tally, it still signals a sustained, competitive race to modernize fixed and mobile networks.
India and the United Kingdom have launched the Indiaโ€“UK Connectivity and Innovation Centre to accelerate secure, AI-driven, and resilient telecom technologies over the next four years. The two governments committed an initial ยฃ24 millionโ€”roughly โ‚น250โ€“โ‚น282 crore depending on exchange ratesโ€”to fund applied research, joint testbeds, field trials, and standards contributions in emerging telecom domains. The investment concentrates on three pillars: AI in telecommunications, non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) for satellite and airborne connectivity, and telecoms cybersecurity with open, interoperable systems. The multi-year window aligns to the critical runway for 5Gโ€‘Advanced and early 6G experimentation.
Telecom Secretary Neeraj Mittal underscored that AI will be central to the next generation of networks, not an add-on. The direction aligns with industry momentum: 5G-Advanced is already introducing AI-enabled RAN and core features via 3GPP, while 6G initiatives under the ITU-R IMT-2030 framework envision AI-native control loops, sensing-assisted connectivity, and tight integration of compute and communications. India expects 6G trials to begin around 2028, with commercial deployments to follow. Operators that harden their AI and automation capabilities during 5G-Advanced will enter 6G with a competitive execution advantage.
India is poised to greenlight commercial satellite communication services once TRAI issues final pricing for satellite spectrum use and associated charges. The communications minister indicated the policy and licensing groundwork for satellite broadband is largely complete, with two GMPCS licenses issued and one additional letter of intent granted. The final trigger is the Telecom Regulatory Authority of Indiaโ€™s decision on spectrum pricing and usage fees for satcom bands. After that, operators can commence rolloutsโ€”initially for enterprise and backhaul, then for consumer broadband in selected markets. Bharti-backed Eutelsat OneWeb and Reliance Jioโ€™s satellite unit are positioned to move early, with constellation capacity and gateways progressing.
Indiaโ€™s nationwide launch of BSNLโ€™s โ€œSwadeshiโ€ 4G stack moves the country from a services-first model to domestic production of core telecom equipment at national scale. India formally launched an indigenous 4G stack for state-run BSNL, alongside more than 97,500 towers announced from Jharsuguda, Odisha. Officials highlighted early reach metrics, noting that roughly 92,000 sites are active and connecting an estimated 22 million users. Telecom equipment sovereignty has become a board-level issue as operators de-risk supply chains, comply with trusted source mandates, and balance costs amid rising traffic and spectrum refarming needs.
Indiaโ€™s Digital Communications Commission has sent most of TRAIโ€™s satellite spectrum recommendations back for review, signaling a tougher stance on pricing, compliance, and market safeguards. TRAI recommended that satellite internet providers pay 4% of adjusted gross revenue (AGR) as spectrum usage charges, an additional Rs 500 per urban subscriber per year, and a minimum annual spectrum fee of Rs 3,500 per MHz when the AGR-linked payout falls short. At its September 16 meeting, the DCCโ€”comprising senior DoT officials and representatives from finance, IT, and NITI Aayogโ€”reviewed the satcom framework and withheld approval on most elements.
India’s AI oversight for telecom is moving from recommendations to implementation, with policy review and technical workstreams running in parallel. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India has issued recommendations on leveraging artificial intelligence and big data in telecom, including the creation of an independent statutory authority for AI governance. The proposed Artificial Intelligence and Data Authority of India (AIDAI) is envisioned to promote responsible AI development and regulate sectoral use cases. The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology has initiated projects with research bodies and universities focused on how to ensure and test AI trustworthiness.
Tata-owned Nelco has partnered with Eutelsat OneWeb to launch LEO satellite services across India, targeting land, maritime, and aviation sectors. The deal aims to deliver secure, high-speed, low-latency connectivity, support national security, and expand coverage to remote areas. Pending spectrum allocation, Nelco will be ready to offer services once OneWebโ€™s India network goes live.
Indiaโ€™s satellite internet market will focus on enterprise demand over consumer use, according to DoTโ€™s Gulab Chand. With 4G and 5G networks covering most of the country, satellite services are expected to serve sectors like logistics, energy, and mining. Startups and government support are fueling Indiaโ€™s space-tech ecosystem, creating a hybrid terrestrial-satellite network model to power the nationโ€™s digital growth.

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