Low Earth orbit broadband is bifurcating into Western- and China-led ecosystems, with strategic consequences for telecom and cloud connectivity worldwide. Starlink’s scale in the West is meeting a fast-maturing Chinese counterweight centered on state-backed constellations and a growing commercial space sector. The result is a split that will influence landing rights, equipment supply, data sovereignty, and service availability across regions. Three forces are converging: mass-production launch capability, maturing inter-satellite optical links, and rising demand for resilient, low-latency backhaul. Governments are also reclassifying satellite broadband as critical infrastructure, accelerating public funding and procurement pipelines. Demonstrated high-rate laser crosslinks indicate a credible trajectory toward in-space backbones that rival Western systems.