BSNL

India’s nationwide launch of BSNL’s “Swadeshi” 4G stack moves the country from a services-first model to domestic production of core telecom equipment at national scale. India formally launched an indigenous 4G stack for state-run BSNL, alongside more than 97,500 towers announced from Jharsuguda, Odisha. Officials highlighted early reach metrics, noting that roughly 92,000 sites are active and connecting an estimated 22 million users. Telecom equipment sovereignty has become a board-level issue as operators de-risk supply chains, comply with trusted source mandates, and balance costs amid rising traffic and spectrum refarming needs.
India’s telecom usage is now predominantly indoors, and TRAI’s new property rating framework puts digital connectivity on par with core utilities. TRAI’s chairperson flagged a decisive shift: most mobile data is consumed inside homes, offices, malls, hospitals, and transit hubs. Connectivity inside buildings is moving from convenience to necessity. TRAI’s 2024 Regulations introduce a voluntary, performance-based star rating that assesses how ready a property is to deliver high-quality broadband and mobile connectivity. The framework encourages developers to embed Digital Connectivity Infrastructure (DCI) at design stage, aligns with Digital India and Smart Cities Mission, and invites ministries and agencies to incorporate DCI into guidelines, tenders, and training.
India’s first Private 5G Captive Non-Public Network (CNPN) is now operational at Numaligarh Refinery in Assam, thanks to BSNL and NRL. This private 5G network supports real-time IoT, AI-driven analytics, and AR/VR-based workforce training, setting a new benchmark in refinery automation and cybersecurity. A major step for Digital Assam and the Atmanirbhar Bharat mission.
India’s internet subscriber base hit 969.10 million in FY25, with broadband users rising 2.17% and narrowband shrinking. TRAI data shows wireless ARPU up 16.89%, strong wireline growth, rural connectivity gains, and Jio-Airtel dominance — while DTH shrinks and OTT rises.
BSNL and Echelon Edge have joined forces to install a private 5G SA network at Amlohri Coal Mines, transforming India’s mining sector. The network enables real-time IoT monitoring, AI-powered traffic management, drone inspections, and digital twin integration for safer, more efficient operations. This deployment highlights the transformative potential of 5G in modernizing mining while promoting indigenous technology under India’s “Make in India” initiative.

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