Satellite & NTN

Satellite and non-terrestrial networks (NTN) extend connectivity beyond the reach of ground-based infrastructure, using low-earth-orbit constellations, geostationary satellites, and high-altitude platforms. A major shift is the integration of satellite directly into cellular standards, enabling direct-to-device services that let ordinary phones connect via satellite where there is no terrestrial coverage. NTN is increasingly viewed not as a competitor to mobile networks but as a complement — filling coverage gaps, adding resilience, and supporting IoT and emergency communications. For operators and enterprises, satellite partnerships and spectrum are becoming strategic. This channel covers satellite and NTN developments — constellations, direct-to-device, standards integration, and operator partnerships — with analysis of how non-terrestrial connectivity is moving from niche to a mainstream layer of the connectivity landscape, and where the business case genuinely holds.

The Evolution of Non-Terrestrial Networks: From Experimental Beginnings to Global Connectivity

The Evolution of Non-Terrestrial Networks: From Experimental Beginnings to Global Connectivity
Non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) have evolved from experimental satellite systems to integral components of global connectivity. The transition from geostationary satellites to low Earth orbit constellations has significantly enhanced mobile broadband services. With the adoption of 3GPP standards, NTNs now seamlessly integrate with terrestrial networks, providing expanded coverage and new opportunities, especially in underserved areas. This evolution is set to transform telecommunications by enabling innovative applications across various sectors.

MWC Las Vegas 2024, in partnership with CTIA, will gather the enterprise 5G ecosystem for three days of discussion, thought leadership and networking

MWC GSMA - Las Vegas 2024 event
MWC Las Vegas 2024, in partnership with CTIA, will unite the enterprise 5G ecosystem from October 8-10. Join CIOs, tech leaders, and industry experts as they explore the future of connectivity through discussions on AI Networks, 5G EdgeCloud, and more. Featuring summits on private networks, non-terrestrial networks, and industry 4.0, this event is a must-attend for those shaping the digital landscape.

MWC Las Vegas 2024

MWC GSMA - Las Vegas 2024 event
Event Start Date: 8th Oct, 2024
Event End Date: 10th Oct, 2024
Location: Las Vegas Convention Center, West Hall
Free Discovery Pass Code: FVPDEGBNPV

FWA and Mobile Network Operators: Transforming Connectivity

FWA and Mobile Network Operators: Transforming Connectivity
Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) is transforming the telecommunications landscape by offering cost-effective, high-speed internet solutions. Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) are leveraging FWA to extend broadband reach, especially in rural and underserved areas. This article examines the rise of FWA, the challenges MNOs face in its implementation, and future prospects.

5G and Satellite Connectivity with Skylo’s Tarun Gupta | 5G Guys Podcast

Top 10 Satellite Connectivity Companies
In this episode of the 5G Guys podcast, hosts Wayne Smith and Dan McVaugh delve into the world of satellite connectivity with Tarun Gupta, co-founder of Skylo Technologies. Learn how Skylo is pioneering 5G and satellite integration to enhance IoT, SMS, and voice services globally. Discover the advantages of their standards-based approach and how it differentiates from other satellite services like Starlink and AST SpaceMobile.

Verizon’s $100 Million Investment in AST SpaceMobile for Satellite Connectivity

Verizon's 100 Million Investment in AST SpaceMobile for Satellite Connectivity
Verizon's $100 million investment in AST SpaceMobile aims to enhance satellite-to-cell services across the U.S., using the 850 MHz spectrum to ensure reliable connectivity in remote areas.

AT&T’s SpaceMobile Deal, T-Mobile’s PGA Innovation, and Germany’s Huawei Ban | G2 on 5G Podcast

The G2 on 5G Podcast – T-Mo and Delta Airlines Google Merges Android Software and Hardware
In this episode, Will Townsend and Anshel Sag discuss AT&T's formal agreement with AST Space Mobile, T-Mobile’s innovative 5G deployment at the PGA Championship, Dish Network’s significant DoD deal, Germany’s potential ban on Huawei and ZTE equipment, China Mobile’s substantial AI investment, and the upcoming AI advancements from Microsoft Build that could revolutionize 5G PCs. Tune in for expert insights on the latest in 5G technology and its transformative impact on the industry.

Optical Satellite Communication: The Future of High-Speed Connectivity

Optical Satellite Communication: The Future of High-Speed Connectivity
Revolutionizing traditional communication paradigms, optical satellite communication emerges as a transformative force. Utilizing light waves instead of radio frequencies, this cutting-edge technology promises higher data rates, enhanced security, and reduced latency. By employing lasers for data transmission between satellites and ground stations, optical communication boasts higher bandwidth capacity and lower interference, ensuring reliable connections even in challenging environments. Advantages over traditional RF communication include unparalleled data rates, heightened security, and minimal latency, making it indispensable for applications like high-definition video streaming, real-time data analysis, and remote surgery. While atmospheric attenuation poses challenges, innovative solutions such as adaptive optics and hybrid systems ensure signal integrity and continuity. The technology's applications span diverse fields, from bridging the digital divide with high-speed internet access to revolutionizing defense and deep-space exploration. Exciting prospects lie ahead with the integration of quantum communication, promising ultra-secure and efficient networks. Optical satellite communication heralds a new era of global connectivity, poised to meet the evolving demands of a connected world.

AT&T and AST SpaceMobile Partner to Expand Satellite Connectivity

AT&T and AST SpaceMobile Partner to Expand Satellite Connectivity
AT&T and AST SpaceMobile have announced a commercial agreement to enhance mobile connectivity via a satellite-based broadband network. The partnership, extending to 2030, aims to integrate satellite technology with AT&T’s existing network, improving access in remote and rural areas. Upcoming satellite launches this summer will kickstart commercial services, providing broader coverage across the U.S.

Google Pixel 9 to Introduce Satellite Connectivity Features

Google Pixel 9 to Introduce Satellite Connectivity Features
The Google Pixel 9 is set to include satellite connectivity, enhancing mobile communications significantly. This feature aims to rival Apple's Emergency SOS, utilizing the new Samsung Exynos 5400 modem embedded in the Tensor G4 chipset for expanded coverage and improved safety features in remote areas.

AST SpaceMobile Tests Satellite-to-Cellular Streaming with AT&T

AST SpaceMobile Tests Satellite-to-Cellular Streaming with ATT
AST SpaceMobile has collaborated with AT&T to demonstrate the potential of satellite-to-cellular technology by successfully streaming a commercial from space directly to a smartphone. This marks a significant step in mobile connectivity advancements, leveraging the capabilities of the BlueWalker 3 satellite.

The G2 on 5G Podcast – Open RAN & 5G Fund, FCC’s New Broadband Definition, T-Mobile & Dialpad

G2 on 5G - Moor Insights and Strategy Podcasts
In this 184th episode of The G2 on 5G, we cover:
1. Will Open RAN benefit from a possible $9B in FCC subsidies (5G Fund) for U.S. rural 5G deployments?
2. What does the FCC’s new 100/20 Mbps down/up definition for broadband mean for 5G FWA?
3. T-Mobile and Dialpad extend partnership for AI-enabled business communications - could 5G VoNR deliver additional capabilities?
4. FCC unanimously approves rules for direct-to-device 5G NTN services
5. Nokia and Eurofiber team up for private 5G network delivery - could it serve as a model for other fiber service companies?
6. Vodafone to sell Italian business to Swisscom for €8 billion

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN)?
NTN refers to connectivity delivered via satellites, high-altitude platforms, or other non-ground-based infrastructure, working alongside, not instead of, traditional cell towers to extend coverage to places terrestrial networks don’t reach. The concept has been formally incorporated into 3GPP’s mobile network standards specifically to ensure satellite-based connectivity can integrate technically with standard cellular networks, rather than existing as a completely separate, incompatible system. This standardization matters because it means NTN connectivity can, in principle, work seamlessly alongside regular cellular service, allowing a device to fall back to satellite coverage automatically when terrestrial signal isn’t available, rather than requiring users to manually switch between two entirely separate systems.
What are the different types of NTN?
  • Satellite networks: These networks use satellites in orbit around the Earth to transmit and receive signals and include geostationary and Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks
  • Balloon networks: These networks use balloons that are floated high in the stratosphere to transmit and receive signals. They can be used for applications such as providing internet access in remote or hard-to-reach areas, as well as for remote sensing and scientific research.
  • High-altitude platform stations (HAPS): These networks use aircraft or airships that fly at high altitudes, such as the stratosphere, to transmit and receive signals. They can be used for similar applications to balloon networks, and they also have the added advantage of mobility.
  • Drone networks: These networks use drones, which are also referred to as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), to transmit and receive signals. They can be used for a wide range of applications, such as providing internet access in remote or hard-to-reach areas, remote sensing, scientific research, and commercial uses like delivery and inspection.
  • Stratospheric platform stations (SAPS): This network uses a platform stationed in the lower part of the stratosphere, such as a blimp, that can relay communications between ground and satellites or between ground and another SAPS.
  • Laser Communications: This network uses a laser to transmit data between two points. This technology is still in development, but it has great potential to provide high-bandwidth, low-latency communications.
Is satellite internet going to make cell towers obsolete?
No. The industry consensus treats satellite and direct-to-device connectivity as a complementary layer that extends coverage to remote and underserved areas, not a replacement for dense terrestrial 5G networks in cities and suburbs where ground infrastructure remains far more efficient at handling large volumes of simultaneous users. Terrestrial cell towers can support vastly more simultaneous connections and far higher data throughput per user within a given area than current satellite technology can practically deliver, making satellite connectivity better suited for filling coverage gaps, like remote rural areas, maritime and aviation routes, or emergency situations where terrestrial infrastructure has failed.
What is direct-to-device (D2D) satellite connectivity?
Direct-to-device, often abbreviated D2D, lets ordinary smartphones connect directly to satellites for basic connectivity, such as text messaging and, increasingly, voice or limited data service, without needing a separate, dedicated satellite terminal or specialized hardware beyond what’s already built into many recent smartphone models. This represents a significant technical advance over older satellite phone technology, which required bulky, dedicated devices. Large satellite operators, including SpaceX’s Starlink, are positioning D2D as a broader connectivity layer that could eventually extend beyond emergency and remote-area use cases into more general-purpose coverage, though this more expansive vision remains considerably further from current commercial reality than basic emergency messaging service.
Why is satellite connectivity becoming a bigger topic in telecom circles in 2026?
Large satellite operators entering the connectivity market with very large addressable market projections are raising substantial industry questions about spectrum ownership, infrastructure economics, and how traditional telecom operators and satellite providers will share or compete for the same customers going forward. SpaceX’s Starlink, for instance, has framed its total addressable market across AI, connectivity, and space-enabled infrastructure as enormous, positioning direct-to-device satellite connectivity as a potential global connectivity layer. This scale of ambition has prompted genuine strategic concern within the traditional telecom industry about longer-term competitive dynamics and what role established carriers will play as satellite capabilities continue advancing rapidly.
How does NTN fit into 6G plans?
Standards bodies are explicitly designing 6G to include seamless integration between terrestrial and satellite networks as a core capability, aiming to close coverage gaps as a fundamental design goal rather than treating satellite as a bolt-on afterthought added after the main standard is already finalized. This reflects lessons learned from how NTN support was added to 5G somewhat later in that standard’s development process, with 6G planning intended to incorporate satellite integration considerations from earlier on. The explicit goal is a future network where a device can move seamlessly between terrestrial and satellite coverage without users needing to think about which type of connectivity they’re actually using.
What’s the difference between low-earth-orbit, medium-earth-orbit, and geostationary satellites for connectivity purposes?
Low-earth-orbit, or LEO, satellites orbit much closer to Earth than older satellite generations, typically a few hundred miles up, which significantly reduces signal delay, or latency, making LEO constellations considerably more suitable for real-time applications like voice calls than earlier satellite generations were. Medium-earth-orbit satellites sit considerably farther out and are less commonly used for the consumer broadband and direct-to-device connectivity currently generating the most attention. Geostationary satellites orbit much farther from Earth, remaining fixed relative to a specific ground point, useful for certain broadcast applications but introducing meaningfully higher latency, generally making them less suitable for interactive connectivity compared to LEO constellations.
Do existing smartphones actually support satellite connectivity today, or is special hardware required?
A growing number of recent smartphone models do support some form of satellite connectivity natively, generally for specific, limited use cases like emergency messaging when no cellular signal is available, rather than full general-purpose satellite data service. This built-in support typically depends on having a relatively recent device with a modem chipset specifically designed to support satellite frequencies, meaning older devices generally cannot access these features even through a software update. As direct-to-device satellite services continue expanding beyond basic emergency messaging toward more general data and voice capability, broader satellite support is expected to become a more standard smartphone feature over time, similar to how 5G modem support gradually became standard.
What regulatory and spectrum challenges does satellite connectivity raise for traditional telecom operators?
Spectrum that terrestrial carriers have historically used exclusively may need to be shared or coordinated with satellite operators offering direct-to-device service using similar or overlapping frequencies, raising technical interference concerns and complex regulatory coordination questions that vary by country. There are also competitive and regulatory fairness questions, since satellite operators offering connectivity services may not be subject to the same licensing requirements or local infrastructure investment expectations that traditional terrestrial carriers face in a given country, potentially creating an uneven competitive playing field regulators are still actively working through. These unresolved questions are part of why traditional operators have approached large-scale satellite providers with a mix of cautious partnership interest and genuine competitive concern.

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